This is a book written by Horace Mann. He talked about how he thought education and teaching is best for children. He is talking specifically about public shaming or ridiculing of the student before his peers. He advises that a steady hand is needed, and not some lurching back and forth between a light and severe form of discipline. Finally Mann urges the molding of good behavior, which presupposes that the teacher models the very behavior he is trying to mold in students. Important is that the teacher doesn't mind being the clown for the students because that is the best way for them to remember what they learned. He believed that being hard and mean doesn't help the students to remember anything or learn anything new.
This is a map of the United States in 2011. It shows the percent of low income students in public schools. Thanks to Horace Mann it doesn't matter how much many a family has, the children can get a good education. Back in 1800 only the rich families got good education for their kids. Now everyone has the same chance.
This is a map from the United States in 2000. It shows the percent of Higher education, that means how many people have attended a college or more. This changed a lot in the last years because it was very hard to get into school. The few people who got good education and were able to go to a college. Horace Mann was one of them and he tried to make it easier for everyone to go to a school. His opinion was that everyone should have the same chance of a good education, not only the rich. That's why the percentage of people who attended college is way larger than it was back then.